Beef Quality Assurance Tent Method Subq Injections
VY-60
Animal Health
Cooperative Extension Service
Purdue University
Due west Lafayette, IN 47907
Beef Quality Assurance
Injection Sites and Techniques
R. 50. Morter, D.V.Thousand
Schoolhouse of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue Academy
Cattlemen have a responsibility to assure that only beef of the highest quality reach the consumer. The National Cattlemen'southward Clan has maintained a very strong position on beef safety and quality assurance for several years. The public has been assured that the beef at the retail counter is a very condom product for homo consumption. The safety of the product is yet a major concern, while emphasis has shifted to reduction of injection site lesions.
Injections Accept Equaled Lesions
Every bit more and more than portion-controlled retail cuts of the most expensive beef, primarily steaks, are produced past centralized processors, it has become axiomatic that injections can result in lesions. The lesions must be trimmed and discarded, ofttimes condemning 2 or more than steaks to the tubs labeled "Nonedible." The costs of trimming the lesions tin be as much every bit $40.00 per caput.
Initially, it was thought that feedlots were the chief source of the lesions; that the lesions resulted from injections given when the cattle were candy at time of entry into the feedlot. Information technology is at present known that lesions resulting from injection of calves volition persist until slaughter. In fact, the $xl.00 per head loss at slaughter resulted from administering black leg vaccine in the rear leg of calves at branding time.
The severity of the lesion varies amidst products injected intramuscularly. Blackness leg bacterin/toxins and related clostridial products have long been known to cause visible injection site reactions if given under the skin. The subcutaneous reactions acquired swellings, the size of one-half a golf game ball or larger, that persisted until slaughter. Cattlemen institute the unsightly lesions unacceptable and stopped using the subcutaneous route of injection. Alternatively, intramuscular injections were used and the resulting lesions were not found as the carcass was processed into box beef. The loss due to trimming was passed through to the cutting rooms of the retail markets, where direction had lilliputian choice but to pass the cost on to the consumer.
The pick of a vaccine, proper handling of the biologics, and the care and utilise of syringes and needles have been emphasized when making decisions to vaccinate cattle. The selection of a drug, the dose and duration of handling, and drug withdrawal times prior to slaughter have been emphasized when discussing drug administration. The choice of road for administration of injections has been left to the discretion of the cattleman.
An pick for intramuscular injection by and large appeared on the characterization of near products. Intramuscular injections are easier to give than subcutaneous or intradermal injections; thus, intramuscular injections were about frequently selected. It followed that the large musculus masses of the rear quarters provided a good target. The syringe did not have to exist carefully guided to hit targets on the rear leg or the gluteal muscles adjacent to the tail head. The animal did non need to be carefully restrained since it was not necessary to inject in a precise location. Generations of cattlemen have taken pride in their power to successfully inject the moving target of the poorly restrained calf.
Recent enquiry has shown that any vaccine or drug injected intramuscularly may produce a longlasting lesion. Fifty-fifty products similar penicillin, that have been considered most innocuous when injected intramuscularly, may produce lesions that persist for at least 30 days. The results of the enquiry also indicated that injecting more than 10 ml of whatsoever product in a site could produce lesions, as could needles larger than 16 judge.
How Concerned Should Cattlemen Be?
Cattlemen should exist deeply concerned and initiate positive remedial activeness. "Excel to Institute Traceback Arrangement" was reported in the June 1991 BEEF. Excel plans to have a carcass-tracking system on line in half dozen months that will trace carcass problems back to the feedyard. Almost feedyards maintain records of the source of the cattle on feed and already disbelieve feeders coming from sources with health problems. The aforementioned records will help the feedyards identify sources of feeder cattle with injection site lesions, probably not to an individual cow-calf operation, just to a market or order buyer.
Recommendations
The current recommendations to assure beef quality include:
- All products that are labeled for subcutaneous injection should be given subcutaneously, i.e., under the skin.
- All injections should exist given in front of the shoulders of the animal.
- The clostridial bacterin/toxoids should not be repeated. Under previous management procedures, these products may have been given to private animals as many as four to five times.
- No more 10 ml should exist injected into a given site. This means that some of the products administered in large volumes volition require several injections.
- Needles should be no larger than 16 gauge and sharp. Both the larger needles and dull needles traumatize tissue that can produce residual lesions.
- Records of vaccination should be kept and maintained with the cattle every bit they movement through merchandise channels. Such records would forbid unnecessary repeated injection of vaccines.
Effects on the Cattle Industry
All segments of the industry from the cow/calf operations to the feedyards must become responsible for beef quality assurance.
Cattlemen will have to provide amend restraint to properly administer subcutaneous injections in the cervix. The proper and recommended technique for giving injections requires lifting a fold of skin with one hand, forming a vee or "tent." The needle is inserted through the peel into the infinite under the "tent." The lifting of the "tent" is necessary to assure that the injection will be subcutaneous. Injecting through the skin with a short needle often invades the underlying muscle. Apparently, good restraint will be essential not simply to properly administer the injection, just also for protection of the cattleman handling the syringe.
Record keeping is at the very centre of reducing the number of times various products are administered. As cattle move through merchandise channels, anybody needs to know the history of the cattle to avert unneeded injections. The minimal tape would include the age of the animal, date of assistants, name of production, and injection sites.
More and more than of the costs of trimming injection site lesions from expensive cuts of meat are going to be passed back to the feedyard. The feedyard volition either laissez passer the toll of trimming direct back to a known previous owner of the cattle or indirectly, when a previous owner is not known, by discounting futurity purchases from sources known to supply problem cattle. Alternatively, the costs may be passed back by refusal to buy feeder cattle from given areas or states. Cow/dogie producers accept a real demand to adopt and practice the recommendations mentioned higher up to protect a good for you, competitive demand for their calves.
New 11/91
Reference to products in this publication is not intended to be an endorsement to the exclusion of others which may be similar. Persons using such products assume responsibility for their employ in accord with current label directions of the manufacturer.
Cooperative Extension Work in Agronomics and Abode Economics, State of Indiana, Purdue Academy and U.S. Section of Agriculture Cooperating. H.A. Wadsworth, Director, West Lafayette, IN. Issued in furtherance of the Acts of May 8 and June xxx, 1914. It is the policy of the Cooperative Extension Service of Purdue University that all persons shall take equal opportunity and access to our programs and facilities.
Source: https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/VY/VY-60.html
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